Great question – we actually have three different types of tears – basal, reflect and psychic. The basal tears are the ones that keep your eye moist and make sure they don’t dry out. The reflect ones come in to play when you get something in your eye, or it’s irritated – so the tears you get when you cut an onion are these ones. Then there’s the psychic tears, these are the ones we cry when we’re emotional.
There’s a part of your brain that activates when you’re upset and that releases a chemical which in turn makes you cry.
Alex answered in more detail than I could. On the psychic tears I would just add that many think that crying has a cathartic effect that is it’s a way of releasing the negative thing that is causing it; e.g., the physical pain and damage of say a kick in the shins or the emotional pain of failing an exam ;^)
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